Difference between revisions of "34: Zev Weinstein - On Parenting, Boys & Generation Z"

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">Eric Weinstein</span>: Hello, it's Eric with a few thoughts for this week. I want to talk about a topic that is surprisingly dangerous: taste. Now, taste doesn't sound like a dangerous topic, at least to my ears. When I hear the word, I think about an ineffable quality that famously does not lend itself to discussion. As the Latin saying goes, "de gustibus non est disputandum," indicating a belief that, in matters of taste, unlike matters of fact, there can be no productive disputation.

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<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">Eric Weinstein</span>: Hello, you found the portal. I'm your host, Eric Weinstein, and I'm here today with my own son, Zev Weinstein. We are socially isolating in quarantine. Zev: Welcome to the portal!

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">Zev Weinstein</span>: Happy to be here.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: So I've had you on my channel once before—before I even started The Portal—and you were 13 at the time. And today is in fact the last moment we have to look back on you being 14, as tomorrow is your birthday.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, I’ll have my whole life to look back on being 14, but it's the last day [laugh] during which I'm actually in it.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Fair enough.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, I think the last year has been anomalous for all of us. And the interesting thing—I think I was talking to you about this earlier—is that, usually, younger generations can look back to older generations for very strange, very powerful, sometimes very devastating times. So if we were in the middle 1940s and we were going through World War II, and it seemed like a novelty, we would have past generations to tell us about World War I. And even though casualties were certainly much higher during World War II, we would have some sense of what a devastating crisis like this looked like to older generations and what they were going through. With this pandemic, in particular, this is so novel and so specific to our time, that I think the interesting thing is, I feel like I know very little about it, but there's also no one who really knows that much about it (or so we assume at least). So I think I have something that I can bring to the table in that I belong to a different generation—I can offer a youthful view—but really, I think some of the things we're going through right now, generationally, look quite similar.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Hm. So here's a strange question: Is there a way in which it is disturbing to see adults not seemingly knowing how to cope with something? That they're encountering something novel, and they don't seem to be able to come to any kind of strong conclusions about what should be done?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You know, it's an interesting question. There's a way in which it's jarring knowing that no one really knows better—there's no one adequate, whom we can look to for guidance. On the other hand, there's something sort of satisfying about always feeling like … We didn't really have proof that older generations understood the world that much better, and now is one of the only times when that can really be confirmed.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: It is shocking. You know, I should say that in our own family structure, we actually are skipping the Boomers and the Millennials. So in other words, your grandparents are The Silent Generation. Then came the Boomers—we don't have any. Both your parents are in Generation X. Then the Millennials—we don't have any. And then we get to you, in Generation Z. So somehow our family is sort of off by one In terms of the main Boomer/Millennial story.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, I think you have an interesting belief about a very long era where nothing much happened, and everything happened, at the same time. I mean, it was a bright time for science, and little was screwing up, and everyone was immune to everything. I'm not sure I always agree with some of the characteristics that you ascribe to this era. But I do agree with you, usually, about some of the demons that I think it's produced. And unfortunately, a lot of those people are in positions of power now.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: You're super interested in history. How do you see it differently than you think (I would imagine) that many of my audience would have an idea about my perspective—how might you see it in an adjusted fashion?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, firstly, do you want to give a brief outline of the era in which we're both referring, so I know that we're talking about the same sorts of things?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Yeah, I would say that just a quick recap would be that 1945 ushered in this miraculous post-war economy. It grew at an incredible rate; it was fairly broadly distributed in terms of the spoils (up until the early 1970s). There's a very short, mysterious period where everything changes. And then there's a very long period of gimmickry in order to make things look like they're growing for a small number of people, but you're sort of selling off the future, and you're cutting your obligations to your fellow countrymen. And so, that picture is one which I see being characterized by scientific and technological slowdowns outside of a few areas, as well as a period of kind of nonsensical accounting (that if you were “lucky” enough to engage in it, you could sort of do things with abstractions that transferred wealth into your pocket, but at the expense of either the future or somebody else or national security, let's say).

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: So, I think in many ways we can agree about this time. I do think, though, that usually, your depiction of the era between 1945 and mid-70s is that everyone felt immune to the dangers of the world.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Oh, no no no—I wouldn't say that.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Okay.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: I would say that there were these storm clouds that were constantly on the horizon …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Cold War.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: … Yeah. And, you know, I mean, look: Obviously, the Great Leap Forward was an enormous catastrophe inside of China. There were, you know … The Cuban Missile Crisis was a very close call. There's no shortage of super serious things that happened in the point-.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: So I agree with you that there is a lot of potential energy. I guess to use an analogous term, there would also be a lot of kinetic energy WITHIN the states. And I think you and I talked a lot about the 60s. But sometimes I feel like you look past it in this analysis. I think that was a similar time to where we are right now, because of how divided the world was, because of how much upheaval there was at the time. I also … I think that, even though you and I could probably agree that in biology, for example, (like, what? 1950 … I’ll say 1950 to maybe 1965.)

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Like, nothing like it.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: it was insane. The number of … there was, what? There was the discovery of DNA—there was the discovery of the alpha helix. That’s 53, 51. What was it? … Chargaff’s experiment—when was that?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Chargaff’s experiment has to be be before 1953 with the equimolar relation.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think it was like 52, then.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: And then Marshall Nierenberg comes up with the genetic code in like 63?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I don't know when Hershey and Chase was. There was all this … interesting things with stuff with hemoglobin and myoglobin. Like, even in the course of five years, we went from literally not having the structure of a single biological micromolecule to having all this really advanced stuff about genetics. And I don't think a time like that has been seen since, but if you look at, for example, the Human Genome Project (that was, what? 1992 to, like, 2003?)

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Something like that, I don't know exactly.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: (I think it was, I think is around that.) That seems to me like a really huge leap forward. And I think sometimes you sort of have dual views of the stagnation that we're seeing now. I think sometimes your view on the matter is that there's a tremendous amount of stagnation and not very much as getting done in many areas of science. And I think sometimes you feel that there's a tremendous amount of progress, and it isn't recognizable in the same way. The culture doesn't feel how powerful each one of these discoveries is. I remember you said this in your live episode with Peter, when you were talking about the compilation of data that resembled a picture of the black hole: I think your general contention was that this was some incredible thing that had happened in science, and people felt it for, like, 10 minutes and then moved on.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Yeah, it was a very strange thing.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: So I think sometimes you believe that you're … you believe in stagnation, during the moment—a lot of scientific stagnation. And I think sometimes you believe that there isn't so much stagnation as a failure to recognize progress. And [laughing] I’m not trying to call you out in any way …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: I don't mind! This is interesting.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: … but I think, in some sense, I know all of your insights are real, but I don't know how to interpret them because sometimes they resemble to me this, like, Schrodinger’s position on stagnation. And I think that's very central to any analysis you would have this time and how it differs from a time previous.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, I think it probably is less interesting than Schrodinger’s pessimist. Probably what it is, is that I'm SKETCHING things rather than stating them clearly. So, I would say that there's no shortage of new scientific discoveries—you could ask a different question, which is, “How many of them are foundational?” So, you know, the first imaging of a black hole, or the discovery of gravity waves, and being able to see black hole collisions-

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Hasn’t really had its subsequent discoveries.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well … There's an issue about how well is that going to translate into something concrete—like a technology? I’m not sure that that actually matters. But that's one level of stagnation. So sometimes you, for example, would learn about genes, but you wouldn't be able to develop enough gene therapy. And so there's a question about, is it the TECHNOLOGICAL translation? Is it the DEPTHS of the insights? Do these things cause us to CHANGE our picture, or do they merely sort of get higher resolution on a picture we already had?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You know, it's interesting to me that these are the things with which you're concerned, because I think as a mathematician, you're sort of the scientist whose job it is to care least about the practical applications of their work. So I think very often math and technology have been linked, but I think, also, if some incredible mathematical discovery was made, that would be very interesting to a mathematician (and hopefully to the rest of the world) on its own terms. So it's surprising to me that these are the sort of issues that are making this more complicated for you.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, so I think that there's a way in which what I care about—at the level, let's say, of a mathematician talking about new insights that might not translate—is different than what I care about in terms of the world economy that's going to support all of us. And I probably don't get enough of an opportunity to break out the difference in those two conversations.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You know Dad? I think that's true. And I will say: I know you talk to me sometimes about math, and I have no … I have a lot of faith in you as a mathematician. But I think, by nature, you're not so much a mathematician as you are a thinker. And I think we've all been forced into these positions, because … I think culture has destroyed the polymath. And I think this is one of the things which you and I both agree on. And I know I'm not the first person to make this point; and I know this is something you've talked about extensively. But I think that's really why you are in the unique position that you're in: You have a podcast; you're a mathematician. I think you're supposed to be a thinker, more so than simply a mathematician. And that pushes us into all of these weird, uncomfortable positions.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Hmm. [grinning] You want to take over this podcast?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: [laugh]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Do you see yourself in, sort of, … Do you think a polymath would be, like, a good role model for you, in terms of charting your path?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, yes and no. So a lot of the people, up to whom I look [laughs], would be polymaths, but from a bygone era. So unfortunately, I don't think those are the people that I should look towards for inspiration—even though they're the people I care about—because I don't think the future (or at least the present) supports polymaths or thinkers in that simple of a capacity.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, that's that's very troubling to me that at the tender age of 14-going-on-15 you don't feel that—even if that is your natural inclination—that that is something that is supported. Because one would like to think that that would give you the ability to connect many disparate things.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: That's true. … I’m not sure how much it would convince me of a career path, if that was a facet of the question.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well do you see the old order crumbling?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Yes.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Do you see it crumbling quickly?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Yes.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Okay. Do you have a sense of what way in which the old order will crumble or what characterize the old order? And how does a 14-year-old take a look at it and see what's next?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You like pulling out the number 14 just because it's right before my birthday, aren't you?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, I don't … I'm actually on the fence as to whether I should use 14 or 15.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Depends how long this podcast runs for—it’s late right now.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: I don't mean to diminish you. Should I say that you're 15? I'm just thinking: we're retrospectively looking at it as you're looking back on 14.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Alright.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, okay, but … So you made—just to throw it out there and play with it—you made the comparison to the 60s. And I would say that the 60s gave way around 1971 through 73 to something very different. So is it possible—

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: 1971 to 73?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: … that that would be the transitional period where you start to see all sorts of breaks in the economic data. You can clearly see that the structure of the economy changes radically and very dramatically.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Do you think that has anything to do with major cultural events?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: I think that it had to do with the Arab oil embargo. It had to do with the gold standard and going towards fiat currency. It had to do with cultural events—the Vietnam War, the entrance of women, the effects of the 1965 Immigration Act. I think a lot of it had to do with scientific exhaustion as per the Science Since Babylon theory of Derek de Solla Price (that we were on an exponential curve that couldn't be continued). I think that all of those things are probably downstream from an idea that I've called umwelt-hacking: that we learned a lot inside of the 20th century, just by being able to see all sorts of things that had been invisible, and whatever we could see (by slowing something down or blowing it up and shrinking it, whatever), we learn things. And a lot of those things we could put to use. And then a lot of those things actually remained beyond usefulness because we couldn't figure out how to harness them.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Do you think the past hundred years were sort of a golden age?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, I mean, I think that's a really interesting question. In some ways. It's a golden age from the point of view of knowledge. But it was also a hellish age. I mean, like the 20th century, in so many ways, was a terrible time. And it's unclear to me whether we should remember it one way or the other. As Dickens said, “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,” and I think that in many ways that really fit the 20th century to a T.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, sort of I actually … I do feel like it taught us a lot of good lessons. My guess is before World War O, there was a lot of very disturbing things about nationalism, for example, unifying Europe under some Nationalist government. World War II: obviously there were some very dangerous ideologies that play. The Cold War … And I'm not a huge believer in Social Darwinism between countries and how it's implemented. But I do feel like after watching the Germans defeated twice—the first time with this nationalist perspective (which was very uncomfortable) and the second time, obviously, with fascism and the Nazi movement—and then later, we got to see the Soviet Union crumble. … I can understand why it was certainly a time full of unrest. But I do feel like the best positions and the best values, sort of, overcame whatever their rivals were. For one thing, we also saw colonialism stamped out. Like, the world before the 20th century was so different and there were so many dangerous ideologies. Like, the 1800s: we had slavery on top of all of that. I do feel like this was a time when, in many ways, the good overcame the evil.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: That’s an interesting perspective.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I do think that's [laughs] a more than adequate summary of my perspective.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: It's funny because I don't know that I've ever thought about this in those terms. [laughs] You got anything else?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You know, it's an interesting it's an interesting question. I think, as you mentioned earlier, the Cold War remained cold. That could have been the case with tensions and World War I. That could have been the … It's an interesting question. But it could have been the case with tensions in World War II.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Although if you look to nature, I would have to say that all sorts of strategies seem to be evolutionarily stable. We might point to a virus that's too aggressive—and therefore dies out because it does too much damage to its host—but certainly there are plenty of dangerous viruses and parasites and things that have existed for long enough that you would have to say that there's …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, I think it's good that you were apprehensive to use nature as inspiration for how we should run civilizations—I think appeal to nature is commonly accepted as a logical fallacy. So I think that means we don't really have to take that too seriously as …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Okay.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Capitalism and democracy.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: … so the idea is that they let us deal with all the chaos of a free society. And when we produce things that they would find it very challenging to produce—like new insights (because that might challenge an orthodoxy)—they're then able to implement those new changes in perspective at a mechanical level without having to pay the price of having a society that's unruly.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think that's a good point. I think very often successful companies and enterprises in China sort of resemble parasites and …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: This might not be a good thing for you to say, whatever age it is that you are, given that you might be working for a Chinese company one day.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I revoke my previous statement. [laughing]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: That’s alright.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: That said, you're right: it's a very uncomfortable position.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: So what are you excited about in terms of your own time and your own era? What are you seeing in your layer of kids on the verge of becoming adults? Can you see a difference between them and people 10 years ahead? I know that history is something that you're very interested in, so you've probably studied different generations at the same age. What are you seeing as, kind of, definitional for Generation Z, in particular, in reference to where we're checking-in since last you and I appeared on video two years ago?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well … I guess, unfortunately, then, in some sense, a lot of my perspectives are similar. I think my generation will face the consequences of being raised in a transitional period.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, so … What would you think?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I don't know. You're off by about 10 years, so it's hard to look to you for insights on this.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: But if you were born in 1953 or something, then you would be approximately your age around the Summer of Love—the time right before Woodstock.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, I'll tell you what my guess is about youth during that time, and then I'll try to say how I think it's similar to youth during this time.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Don’t you try it. [laughing]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: [laughing] Where do you think this is all going?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: So that those are the extremes of the, sort of, counterculture spectrum. And then you're going to contrast that with the, sort of, central spectrum.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well if that's all—

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Whatever you wan to call it.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I don't know, I don't think anyone has good terminology.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: So the moon landing and Woodstock both happen—

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: ’69

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: … summer of ’69.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Right.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Vietnam, of course, is a long-standing train wreck.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: So I think that … And Manson murders was ’71? I'm not sure about that.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: ’70/’71. Okay.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Around then.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Though[?] our capacity changed over time.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: That's true. When we got into it we were helping the French try to take back their colonies—which was weird given our values as the United States. But … Yeah, I think it was it was quite some time. Before the ‘60s that we were involved in Vietnam. That said, Gulf of Tonkin was what? ’64?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: I’ve forgotten. I'll have our researchers check that out.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: [laughing] Okay.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Okay, so is all this historical … is all this mining of the historical record actually helpful to you and trying to locate where you and your generation might be?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, I've just tried to contrast something older with something which we're living through. But as I said, I don't think there's anything to which we can really look for good answers. So looking to history is like this really poor attempt to resolve some of the complications we're seeing during this time. I wish there were wiser people. I wish that there was some time closer to our own, previous to this time. You know, you brought up the pandemic of 1918—that was, like, very different. And yet it's sort of the closest we've seen to this. That had more to do with like World War I, etc. [sigh]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, weirdly, maybe the idea is that we've been looking BACK for examples (almost religiously) and we haven't thought that we should be thinking, “Well, what are our new … What are the new paradigms?” We keep thinking that there's nothing new under the sun. To your point, that we've never been through something like this particular response to the coronavirus.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: That might be the best way to look at this. But I think if that was the only way to look at this, or that was the decided perspective, you and I could not have this conversation: there would be nothing to discuss. You would say, “I don't know what we're dealing with.” And I would say, “I agree,” and that would be the end of the conversation.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: So let me touch on something else. You were decrying the problem that it seemed like we're in a wisdom drought.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: And looking to history like kludge-y solution.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, it IS always a kludge-y solution—because you're looking for things that rhyme and then you're trying to stitch them together to come up with analogues.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Keep in mind …  

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: [laughing] Okay.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: … if you want to eat tomorrow, get it right!

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: All right. Um—

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: No, no. You should actually answer the question.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Yeah. Honestly. … [laughing ]I think—

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Honestly, but nicely.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think it's actually unbelievably important to have someone like a father, or a member of an older time, to give very old life lessons to you. I think one of the things that we see in most areas (but this era, particularly) is that certain parts of speech become censored—they become inappropriate. Right?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, sometimes the vehicle can be inappropriate. So for example, we've talked before about canned humor. So your grandfather (my father) loves to tell old jokes with punchlines, which is an old style that almost nobody engages in anymore. And it turns out that a lot of those jokes weren't even really about humor—they were about teaching life lessons that you might have learned if you were studying Talmud, or something like that.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well honestly, I feel like it's my responsibility to look past the vehicle by which he's conveying whatever the wisdom is in this joke. Perhaps the joke is canned and outdated and possibly insensitive. But because I'm the one who's grounded in these times, he does not have the opposite the option to make the lesson easier for me in the same sense that I do. So I think that's why the burden sort of has to fall on the shoulders of whoever's newer in this world.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Do you see new art forms, new wisdom? What are you attracted to in terms of your education? Obviously, you're stuck with me for a father, so you're getting a certain amount of very extreme and unusual, offbeat perspective. I mean, one question I could ask is: Do you feel like a desire to rebel? Does it feel inappropriate as a perspective, and you feel like, “Well, my parents just don't get it.”?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: The reason—which, I don't think I've ever been particularly rebellious, at least against your authority and the things for which you stand—is, I think that you're usually very open to the fact that I may oppose your views. I don't feel like … I think that's, in some sense, the point of this conversation: we believe … I think we belong to a similar idiom, because I've grown up in this household …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Yeah.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: … but we have slightly different beliefs on myriad issues. And I think the reason which I've never felt a strong desire to rebel is that you will accept me questioning the things which you hold as truth. And we're able to have these discussions and to look at them logically and rationally. And I think therefore, you and I can both come closer to what we believe is true. I think this is sort of a very Socratic relationship, and that prevents me from rebelling.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Do you see it as an unusual— I mean, just in terms of, I get asked lots of questions about parenting. Do you feel that the parenting that you've been subjected to is normal, or not normal, from me? (Let's leave your mom out of it.)

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Yeah. I think it's unusual. I think, quite honestly, you have very high expectations of me. And sometimes …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: So far, so good.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: [laugh] Well, you know, maybe it would be nice sometimes to run into my room and slam my door and I say, “I hate you, you don't understand me.” Um, but …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Instead you just come to me and say, “Dad, you're not being logical or reasonable. I would have thought better of you.”

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: [laughs] Well, I think that's because we both hold each other to very high expectations. And in some sense, that's a lot of pressure. [laughing]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: [laughing] I noticed! Yeah.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You know, honestly, Dad? If I have kids, I would look forward to allowing them the same freedoms and privileges that you've allowed me in this relationship. That's something that I would really enjoy. And I would enjoy telling them that this is something which came from my father.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Wow! I really appreciate that.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, for one thing, you bought me a Tom Lehrer CD when I was about five years old or something, right? And that made us that made a profound difference in my life.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Isn't that weird?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: It's like 10 years ago.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: I know. But it just … You know, obviously, I was recapitulating what my own mom had done for me, which is she introduced me to this guy and I learned all sorts of things terrible …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I mean, he was singing about prostitution and dope peddlers and … who knows what.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: World War III … severed limbs … sadomasochism …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: There was … I think, I always struggled, like … There were, like, children's books and things which be read to me. And they would have these very simple messages about, “And that's why it's important to be generous and to love one another.” And I never disagreed with those messages. It just … something about it always felt much too simple to be the only truth—there had to be some nuance to it. And I feel like I was constantly begging for nuance and trying to disprove these children's books and—

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: I mean, you were. At a very early age (two or three) you weren't satisfied with any simple explanations that were wrong. And you were a great detective: you could usually tell when …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Yeah, I don’t have any recollection of this.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, no, but the point is, was that your brain was very precise and it caught all sorts … Every shortcut that I took to define something for you came back to bite me, because you would usually find the edge case that revealed the failure in what I had said.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: No, Dad, I appreciate that. And I think that's why it's been … I think things could have been a lot simpler …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Oh, my god. [laughs]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: … [laughs] if we were much more normal. You know, maybe we'd play catch every Sunday and have a …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: We’ll get there!

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: [laughing] Alright. I'm not very coordinated.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, transgression has been very important to our family. And the responsibility for transgressing appropriately—not just celebrating transgression for the purpose of breaking rules, which obviously we're not huge fans of. But I would say that, you know … If you recall, when you were driving the family sedan, at age 11, on deserted roads.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: It's very important that mom does not watch this podcast. [laughing]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: We're kidding people.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You know, I appreciate that Dad, [laughs] but I really don't want to give our audience an oversimplified, too perfect, …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Then correct it.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: … picture of myself when I was younger. I think there are ways in which I was completely incompetent. I think we were talking about music.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: You were completely incompetent with music.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Completely! I think when I was young (like five or something) you sat down a few times tried to teach me, you know, the basic chords.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Notes! You couldn't remember a note.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I don't think I could resemble a single chord because, like … You know, if you think about a triad, I'd have to to remember three different things at the same time. And then, at some point when I was older, I decided I was going to teach myself music and I found some amount of success with that, which made me very pleased. I think also part of that has to do with the fact that I'm stubborn and unable to learn from people as much as I should …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: But you were stubborn earlier. And for whatever reason, something in your brain wouldn't let you teach yourself music. I mean, you taught yourself things like ripstik, which nobody was in the position to teach you because nobody knew how to do it. So I can definitely point to things where you were able to self-teach at an early age.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, more like 13.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Okay, the end of 12, was your explosion—was, like, the last two months of your being 12 (the last six weeks) …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: That said, Dad, I think if I had never decided to teach myself music, and you had sat down with me at this age and tried to teach me music, perhaps I wouldn't have been as purely incompetent. But I don't think I would have been successful. I think one of my deep flaws is that I have a very hard time learning from people for the reasons we just discussed: it's like, you might have to give me some bad definition to get past some very simple thing in the beginning. And then I wouldn't be able to understand any concept that relied on a flawed definition and I would be completely screwed over. I think it's just … I've always been an exceedingly technical person, and that gets me into its own sort of trouble.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, do you see that as a as a deficit? I mean, first of all, do you see yourself as learning disabled. Do those terms fit? Or not?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think in a classic sense they do. You know, I think we've tested me and I have dyslexia, and ADHD, and whatever … all the fun stuff.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Useless, right? Absolutely useless.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Yeah, right. Um, so … [laughs]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: [smiling] I’m sorry. There is an aspect of it which is just funny to me, but go on.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think I am … I think my ability to be compatible with some systemic form of education is in many ways disabled. And that does not mean that I think I am at a net disadvantage with the way my mind works. So … I think I'm incompatible, in some sense, with institutional education and traditional forms of learning. But I don't view that as a net disability at all. You know, like, maybe I should be stupid.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, I mean, look: this is setting up the same problem for you, to some extent, as it did for me and for your uncle Bret. How do you deal with the fact that you probably don't come across as 14 or 15? I mean, when we recorded you at 13, clearly, nobody thought you sounded like a 13-year-old.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You know, Dad? I think the great misfortune there Is that I've … in that, absorbed a tremendous amount of responsibility. I want to be a learned person. And I aspire to be a learned person. And I'm somewhere in that journey. But it's much more difficult for me, because it means I have to teach myself certain things, because, as we've previously established, there are ways in which I'm stubborn and incompetent and unable to learn from traditional methods. So …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Hang on one second.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: In some sense, I feel like, you know: you break it, you bought it.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: [laughs]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: … I’m incompatible, so I have to do a lot of extra work to be able to be knowledgeable about the world. In some sense, I feel like you broke it and I bought it, …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: [laughs]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: … because I inherited your fucked up genes, and who knows? So, [laughing] I guess, in some sense, I blame you for that.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Thanks.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think it’s, like, I guess, Ashkenazi Jewish culture. It's sort of a very common thing.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, it’s like inoculating you, so that you get an early exposure to something and it doesn't become …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You're not lying to me that this stuff is out there. You know, people get mutilated in in real life. And I think you're keeping me from that by giving me things which show me that it's out there.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Yeah, it's, again, similar argument with first person shooters and video games. There's a level at which, if you don't expose kids, it becomes forbidden fruit. If you do expose them, sometimes they get a distorted sense of reality. So … I don't know exactly how to do the balancing act. We've tried our best and we—

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well I don't think any parent does.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Let me take another line of questioning. Where do you think, parenting … Where do you think we are with respect to masculinity as a virtue? You know, you're born a boy—I want you to be a strong, masculine man. But we have a tremendous fear of all things masculine, somehow, in the culture …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think that's a very new thing.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: … and a desire to redefine masculinity in order to deal with that fear. Do you feel that, one, that's a really tough pressure on you? Do you think that your parents have negotiated the responsibility of that training? Or do you think it's up for grabs and nobody knows where we are?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You know, it's a good question. I feel like, in some sense, traditional gender roles have been called into question in recent times. And even if they're jeopardized now, my guess is they will be rediscovered, because they’re something very important.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Even in same-sex relationships.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: … even in same-sex relationships. And I think that should be proof to us that traditional masculinity and femininity, while they both have their failures, are designed evolutionarily to fit together like puzzle pieces. I think that should be proof to us that traditional gender roles, while flawed, are designed to work together like puzzle pieces. And so even in a time when these are being called into question conceptually, I think we can make very accurate predictions about the fact that they will be rediscovered and reinvented, and that's why I think I would be probably a few steps ahead of a very ambiguous time to keep my faith, to some extent, in whatever these flawed gender roles are.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: So do you identify strongly with sort of a masculine perspective? Or do you identify as somebody who wants to renegotiate what it means to be masculine? Or somewhere in between? How do you how do you view this on the cusp of being 15?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think, as I said, I certainly believe that masculinity and femininity need to exist—in many ways, the way that they've always existed.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, one thing I find (which, I don't know how to talk about) is that I think that there's a very strong demand for masculinity in women seeking to found families. And that this desire is somehow at odds with the commentariat that wants to upend the roles more than I see most men and women wanting to upend the roles. If I think about, you know, viewer accounts on Instagram, it's very clear that heteronormative beauty norms are still very much what often generates enormous following. So the biology doesn't seem to move nearly as much as the think pieces would suggest that it has.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, I do. But as I said, I feel like I have some insight into this, and therefore I feel it would be unwise to abandon masculinity just because it's coming under attack culturally. But yes: I think it's hard to win with a lot of these …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: You think it's no win situation?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well … yes and no. I'd like to think that I'm winning.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Okay.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: But that's sort of a common mistake.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: By “sex” you mean, like, biological—

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: … biological sex.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Like at birth. Okay.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: … And I think that should be the first in a set of insights. I think maybe the first insight is, “Okay, this is fiction. It's a lie.” And maybe the the second level deep is relying upon the fiction but not realizing that it's a fiction. And then I think the third level would be understanding that these are fictions which we fall to, but the fictions are there for a reason and it's very important that we maintain them, in some sense.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: This is super interesting. Let me just see If I have this.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think the flaws should go away, but I think it has to be done with a lot of very complex thought and understanding of what these fictions are that allow us to maintain healthy relationships to build strong families … I mean, I think families are built on fictions around gender roles. And the same can be said of relationships. And I think by saying, “Eureka, this is bullshit. This is fiction,” and not actually solving the problem, we're going to create a tremendous amount of chaos and upheaval, only to watch gender roles re-emerge naturally.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: So, for example. Like, you and I have talked about the problem with third person singular pronouns being inflected for gender (in English) and that using “they” for “he” or “she” has a different problem, which is that you can't inflect for number if your third person singular pronoun is the same as your third person plural.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: “They” is supposed to be third person plural.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: And yet if you if you mentioned this, it's like, “Wow: you hate non-binary people.” Or something like this. And then you can even make the point that it's probably fairly important for an error-correcting code inside of a language to be able to distinguish singular versus plural in the third person, because those are the situations in which the person being discussed is not present.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: This is the thing. I think we should all be opposed to ambiguity of language where it's unnecessary. And we should all be opposed to the ways in which language can discriminate against all different sorts of people, which is something that we've seen is contradictory in the English language, since, probably, William of Normandy conquered England, right?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Ugh, bastard! [laughing]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: [giggles] … [away from mic] Sorry.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: But I think there's a solution which allows us to maintain both of these constraints. And yet I feel like they're all of these very chaotic solutions being proposed about, like, everyone generates their own pronoun, and this and that … And it seems like there's a very simple solution right in front of us, and it's …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Very hard to figure out why we can't get there.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, I’ve said, I think they usually make a lot of the boys my age very angry. Because I think the world for which a lot of social justice now is advocating, would be a world that would be a very bad bargain for masculinity, in the sense that we're talking about. And I actually don't think either gender ends up happy when you destroy a gender role. I think—

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: OR when you give it what everything that it wants.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Right.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Like, in other words, part of what each gender wants is FRUSTRATED by the other, and that frustration causes people to have to work and to pair. That's probably—

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think that's always been the case evolutionarily as well.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Right.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: So … I think there's a lot of anger and there's a lot of resentment because the implications of whatever this new deal are can potentially be very hurtful.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: What do you think about … obviously, you know, when you're around the age that you are, there's sort of … there is a sexual awakening and a romantic awakening—you have situations where your schools force you to take classes to inform you of all of the terrible things that can go wrong. Do you have a sense that in addition to all of the social changes, that the COVID epidemic is going to have an interesting impact? Is it going to possibly push courtship backwards towards a more antiquated model? Do you have any theory as to what might be happening?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: [through a smile] I see: you think you can bring me in here and get me to discuss my romantic life during COVID?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: It was worth a shot.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You are sadly mistaken. [laughing]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Okay. No, seriously.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think that all depends on whether or not COVID is … or situations like this pandemic are recurring—which, like many things, is something we have yet to understand.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: So, I mean, I would say that when I got to college, herpes and HIV were the two big stories in the early 1980s. And there was a way in which disease played a role in social norms and the expectations of the era. And so I’ll be curious to see whether it's true for COVID.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, as we've discussed, a lot of the music which I find very interesting is much older than I am. I think objectively, we could probably agree that most popular music lacks the complexity that it had during the 60s. I think you were the one that got me to look at the chords for Strawberry Fields, for example, which is like … It's unbelievable to me that that was the level of complexity found in a pop song. I think the same can be said of like, God Only Knows, for example.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: By the—

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: By the beach Beach Boys.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well rap is a pretty vibrant area—it has a very different structure. A producer JW Lucas was just making the point to me that … He said, “Eric, you know, don't make the mistake of expecting the complexity in the LOOP, because the real issue is the lyrics, and the complexity of their structure and their delivery.” And so from his perspective, he said, “You know, a lot of what you would think of as ‘the music,’ we would think of as ‘the canvas.’ And if the canvas is too interesting, it distracts from what's painted on it.”

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: So I think we can pull apart music and see where is something interesting (in a number of places).

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: If you're gonna give up a lot of music, you better make it up on the lyrics.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Exactly. And that's why that's … weirdly poetry is then somewhere on that efficient frontier. But …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: What's some poetry that really speaks to you in terms of … just really evidencing the power of the spoken word in the absence of other structure?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, I think the poem—which was probably the first poem I found interesting—was actually a poem that YOU found for me, which is, The boys i mean are not refined by e.e. cummings. I had previously regarded poetry as probably somewhat pretentious. Like, poets were speaking in ways that they didn't need to speak to complicate simpler messages. And then, I think the amount of foul language and foul imagery and profanity in that poem contrasted with the fact that it was still so beautiful and it so clearly represented an archetype with which we still interact … proved to me that poetry was not as pretentious as I imagined it to be. So I think that that was sort of my introduction into this world.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: That’s interesting. If you take that poem, it's very unusual in that it's called “the holograph poem” because it was written out longhand, and you actually just, sort of, have a picture of cummings’ own writing. And it takes the form almost of a schoolyard recitation: it rhymes; it's in very regular meter. Do you remember the opening of it?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: The boys I mean, are not refined. They go with girls who buck and bite. They do not give a fuck for luck. They hump them 13 times a night.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: So that gives an idea of being kind of a schoolyard poem, but this idea that you've got some bad guys out there who are just not subscribed to the same rules as everyone else.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Yeah. They speak whatever's on their minds. They do whatever's in their pants. The boys I mean are not refined. They shake the mountains when they dance.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: I think that last line, to me … How do you hear it?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think that defines to you what the entire poem was about—you don't understand, until that point, that he's describing the fact that these are the people who change the world.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Yeah.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: These are the people, very often, in tremendous positions of power.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: I think about that a lot. When I think about some of the very, like, … You know, Elon, for example, is not very easy for a lot of people to digest at the moment. And, you know, he's sort of almost trolling on Twitter, at this time (with respect to the COVID epidemic). And I think about that line. And, you know, it's frustrating to me, because not enough people … there aren't enough people who know that poem and you want to quote the line, “They shake the mountains when they dance.”

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, I think, very often, imagery and sensory content is very important in poetry. So I don't think that it's gratuitous, per se. But I think it does something more in that poem, which I described, which is that it shows the power of … the power that we have with language without necessarily using it in this very old, very pretentious-sounding sense. So I think its importance there was two-fold.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Do you have other poems that really mean a lot to you? Or … That was a pretty great one.,

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I do. But I think that's the one for which I can make …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: It was a gateway for you.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Yeah, that was a gateway poem for me.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: So here's another question I have: You started recording videos when we did this last (two years ago or something) and there was a lot of interest in having you share your thoughts. I think you're coming for a very interesting perspective—it’s not exactly mine; it's clearly of your own making. Are you interested in kind of sharing your thoughts on your generation and your situation as you come up?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: You know, Dad, I'm very interested in interacting with this world. But ... as I've mentioned, I feel very lost when looking at this time, because it's so confusing, and there's so little which I understand, and … I think, to the extent where I'm interacting with the public, I will have to be very open about the fact that I'm very clueless. And I don't think I'm … I don't think it's a foolish sort of cluelessness. I don't think that there are good answers available.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, I don't either. And part of what I'm trying to do is to stay open with my audience.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: That's true. And, you know, you mentioned this arrogance which you sort of have to have when assuming that you have something to offer.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: M-hm.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I would love- I would love to be arrogant. Right? It's …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Don't say it that way because you're gonna get scolded. But I understand exactly what you mean.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: No, I think I’m … Actually, I'll stick to that, because I think we would all love to be arrogant. But with where I am right now, and with what I understand of our current situation in this world, I am in no position to hold that arrogance. And that is frustrating to me. But I have to be open about that. That's part of what it means to be authentic, in some sense.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Yeah, I don't think that you mean arrogance. I think you mean like extreme self-confidence—like really “out there” levels of self-confidence so that you can hold a position in a world in which everything is up for grabs, and I very much appreciate that.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: The center cannot hold.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: … It doesn't [laughs] feel like the falcon and the falconer are having much of a conversation. Yeah.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Well, we’ve discussed my love of history.  

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Right.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think that has a lot to do with the fact that I'm not yet ready to throw out all we've learned. I think that would be a quite colossal mistake.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: But you are willing to take on the, sort, of burden of trying to figure out, how do you interpret it in the modern era without saying that everything was okay from from history …

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: And I think that's a bigger burden, if we do this carefully.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: If we do it … Okay.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Exactly. You wouldn't just say, “These roles no longer exist. Now dance.”

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Or this piece says, “I gotta be Me, and I'm going to change in some way that doesn't take into account You.”

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: We are looking at chaos.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: We are looking at chaos.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: What time is it?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: It is now your birthday. You are now 15. The reason I was hitting 14 was that I thought if we could push it over the midnight mark, then you could in fact become 15 ON the podcast. So Happy Birthday, son.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Thank you.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: What I wanted to know is, do you have anything else that YOU’D like to bring up? (Other than grievances.)

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: [laughs]

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, let me say I just … I can't tell you how much I appreciate that—it really means a lot to me.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I think it’s “Generation Z.”

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Generation Z? Z for Zev, Z for your cohort.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: I am.

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: As?

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>:  

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>:  

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#018571">ZW</span>: Thanks for having me on The Portal.  

<span style="font-weight:bold; color:#A6611A">EW</span>: Well, thanks for coming!